PMD_2013

Position: Commander

Joined: 2014-02-11

Stats
GM X
GM VIII
GM VI
Company statistics
Team statistics
Skirmishes statistics
Stronghold statistics
Share
Other

Overall Stats

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	30928		0		0		0
Ø Tier	6,72		0,00		0,00		0,00
Victories	15215	49,19%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	15458	49,98%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	255	0,82%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	8275	26,76%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	20442	0,66	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,90		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	29277	0,95	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	742,08		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	77400	2,50	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	16839	0,54	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	446,54		0,00		0,00		0,00
WN7	888,94		0,00		0,00		0,00
WN8	999,05		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	30928
Ø Tier	6,72
Victories	15215	49,19%
Defeats	15458	49,98%
Draws	255	0,82%
Battles survived	8275	26,76%
Tanks destroyed	20442	0,66
Destruction ratio	0,90
Tanks spotted	29277	0,95
Damage dealt	742,08
Capture points	77400	2,50
Defense points	16839	0,54
Experience	446,54
WN7	888,94
WN8	999,05

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Created at:

Last battle:

Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Company statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Team statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Skirmishes statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	10691		27		41		243
Victories	6500	60,80%	16	59,26%	26	63,41%	170	69,96%
Defeats	3857	36,08%	11	40,74%	15	36,59%	73	30,04%
Draws	334	3,12%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	5259	49,19%	15	55,56%	24	58,54%	142	58,44%
Tanks destroyed	8029	0,75	29	1,07	45	1,10	200	0,82
Destruction ratio	1,48		2,42		2,65		1,98
Tanks spotted	8576	0,80	11	0,41	18	0,44	153	0,63
Damage dealt	901,31		966,78		994,80		971,98
Capture points	48923	4,58	79	2,93	142	3,46	1404	5,78
Defense points	35087	3,28	68	2,52	150	3,66	504	2,07
Experience	558,25		501,11		531,17		547,34

Total
Battles	10691
Victories	6500	60,80%
Defeats	3857	36,08%
Draws	334	3,12%
Battles survived	5259	49,19%
Tanks destroyed	8029	0,75
Destruction ratio	1,48
Tanks spotted	8576	0,80
Damage dealt	901,31
Capture points	48923	4,58
Defense points	35087	3,28
Experience	558,25

Past 24 hours
Battles	27
Victories	16	59,26%
Defeats	11	40,74%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	15	55,56%
Tanks destroyed	29	1,07
Destruction ratio	2,42
Tanks spotted	11	0,41
Damage dealt	966,78
Capture points	79	2,93
Defense points	68	2,52
Experience	501,11

Past 7 days
Battles	41
Victories	26	63,41%
Defeats	15	36,59%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	24	58,54%
Tanks destroyed	45	1,10
Destruction ratio	2,65
Tanks spotted	18	0,44
Damage dealt	994,80
Capture points	142	3,46
Defense points	150	3,66
Experience	531,17

Past 30 days
Battles	243
Victories	170	69,96%
Defeats	73	30,04%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	142	58,44%
Tanks destroyed	200	0,82
Destruction ratio	1,98
Tanks spotted	153	0,63
Damage dealt	971,98
Capture points	1404	5,78
Defense points	504	2,07
Experience	547,34

Stronghold defense statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	6		0		0		0
Victories	4	66,67%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	2	33,33%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	3	50,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	3	0,50	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	1,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	1.101,67		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	972,17		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	6
Victories	4	66,67%
Defeats	2	33,33%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	3	50,00%
Tanks destroyed	3	0,50
Destruction ratio	1,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	1.101,67
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	972,17

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

World of Tanks Profile

Anzeigen

Tanks (82)

Tank Name	Tier	Ø Damage	Ø XP	Battles	Victories	WN8
Panther	7	626,70	418	4293	48,26%	859,12
VK 36.01 (H)	6	885,71	553	3891	54,25%	1652,84
M6	6	1294,09	731	2214	57,50%	2520,00
VK 30.01 (H)	5	498,07	361	1430	48,95%	1223,39
KV-1	5	555,52	390	1348	50,37%	1207,58
E 75	9	1046,05	502	1307	45,22%	796,07
KV-85	6	616,88	375	1212	49,50%	967,18
T25/2	7	584,43	385	1199	50,13%	704,83
Tiger I	7	807,36	465	1049	50,71%	982,95
IS-3	8	918,73	501	1045	47,27%	944,91
110	8	778,50	471	1034	45,74%	733,29
IS-2	7	569,73	373	987	47,21%	563,29
Panther II	8	711,64	459	914	45,40%	751,41
Type 58	6	320,70	293	805	45,84%	420,62
VK 30.02 (M)	6	414,53	340	653	45,79%	593,50
Tiger II	8	802,05	496	653	47,63%	775,13
Sturer Emil	7	624,05	327	623	46,23%	709,68
T110E4	10	1336,09	481	616	47,73%	824,48
IS	7	672,09	409	404	50,74%	828,59
T30	9	1257,51	466	398	49,50%	998,05
E 100	10	1240,46	582	349	48,14%	811,82
IS-7	10	1199,73	588	331	45,02%	764,34
KV-2	6	542,60	341	318	44,65%	737,09
T67	5	127,95	184	311	44,05%	55,52
T28 Prototype	8	633,07	382	307	46,58%	476,62
VK 30.01 (P)	6	1344,95	790	297	56,57%	2711,21
T-10	9	859,71	425	243	37,04%	564,08
Nashorn	6	420,27	260	242	40,50%	468,56
M5A1 Stuart	4	90,50	206	242	48,35%	113,99
S-51	7	451,58	266	205	46,34%	381,49
Object 257	9	1092,50	481	200	44,00%	883,63
M18 Hellcat	6	439,39	302	200	47,50%	585,07
Type T-34	5	89,91	189	169	51,48%	122,98
M8A1	4	108,49	155	122	39,34%	7,03
121B	10	1049,20	514	113	48,67%	678,25
T3 HMC	2	89,37	126	113	43,36%	169,67
Škoda T 24	5	342,02	267	107	43,93%	812,70
T-28	4	35,49	129	90	52,22%	116,32
Caernarvon	8	1146,34	612	88	61,36%	1521,10
ST vz. 39	4	146,89	208	73	54,79%	359,37
Vickers Medium Mk. I	1	32,91	90	68	57,35%	142,98
VK 20.01 (D)	4	77,62	186	65	55,38%	139,85
Type 2597 Chi-Ha	3	79,12	158	59	42,37%	35,14
Durchbruchswagen 2	4	128,63	207	43	39,53%	97,63
M5 Stuart	4	46,33	168	42	40,48%	6,50
Pz.Kpfw. III/IV	5	92,37	160	41	41,46%	24,01
MT-25	6	303,45	290	40	45,00%	757,67
M3 Stuart	3	46,87	124	39	41,03%	15,34
T56 GMC	3	76,50	151	36	50,00%	79,88
T-26	2	59,56	123	27	48,15%	102,54
Panhard EBR 105	10	952,37	658	27	44,44%	861,75
LT vz. 38	3	177,73	233	26	65,38%	764,07
Cromwell	6	333,46	266	26	38,46%	355,22
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. E	3	67,14	117	21	23,81%	0,00
60TP Lewandowskiego	10	1723,33	599	21	47,62%	1228,81
T-46	3	51,95	107	21	42,86%	34,20
M7 Priest	3	153,65	163	20	65,00%	419,07
M2 Light	2	19,56	67	16	25,00%	0,00
LT vz. 35	2	96,25	132	12	33,33%	204,36
T1 HMC	2	64,80	87	10	30,00%	95,04
Leichttraktor	1	40,78	60	9	22,22%	0,33
Vickers Mk. E Type B	2	43,89	103	9	44,44%	32,15
MS-1	1	28,50	86	6	50,00%	77,53
Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. D	2	60,17	175	6	33,33%	17,99
Leopard 1	10	1138,60	548	5	20,00%	604,68
Kolohousenka	1	111,75	123	4	25,00%	333,89
Tetrarch	2	191,25	194	4	50,00%	893,14
Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. G	3	15,25	96	4	50,00%	89,84
Pz.Kpfw. II	2	13,50	95	4	50,00%	85,14
Renault NC-31	1	81,33	74	3	33,33%	179,46
Renault FT	1	18,00	40	3	0,00%	2,12
Type 97 Te-Ke	2	211,00	214	3	33,33%	1033,09
T1 Cunningham	1	17,50	72	2	0,00%	0,00
T-45	2	139,50	304	2	100,00%	647,07
Light Mk. VIC	2	18,00	60	2	50,00%	110,55
BT-2	2	0,00	18	1	0,00%	0,00
Indien-Panzer	8	699,00	746	1	100,00%	775,38
Škoda T 25	6	323,00	143	1	0,00%	324,49
Strv fm/21	1	112,00	98	1	0,00%	351,61
T-50-2	6	117,00	66	1	0,00%	13,20
MKA	2	0,00	21	1	0,00%	0,00
M24E2 Super Chaffee	6	0,00	83	1	0,00%	0,00

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history

[PMDKJ] Neohrožení

Position: Commander

Joined: 2014-02-11

[PMDKJ] Neohrožení

Position: Commander

Joined: 2014-02-11

Left: 2024-12-24

PMD_2013

Overall Stats

Globalmap Absolute X

Globalmap Champion VIII

Globalmap Middle VI

Company statistics

Team statistics

Skirmishes statistics

Stronghold defense statistics

Share

Tanks (82)

Graphs

WN8

Clan history